Tamil Nadu, one of the most ancient regions in India, has a rich cultural heritage and has been known by various names throughout history. In ancient times, it was called Tamilakam (தமிழகம்), which referred to the land of the Tamils, covering not just modern Tamil Nadu but also parts of Kerala, Karnataka, and Sri Lanka. During the Sangam period, this region was divided into several kingdoms such as the Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu, and Chera Nadu, each ruled by powerful dynasties like the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras. These dynasties contributed significantly to Tamil literature, architecture, trade, and administration. In the northern parts, the area was called Thondai Nadu, especially under Pallava rule with Kanchipuram as a major cultural center. The western part, known as Kongu Nadu, was renowned for its fertile lands and prosperity, which continues to this day.